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Our planet is crowded. A hundred years ago, the world's population was less than two billion. Today, the world's population is over seven billion. It is growing by 200,000 people every day.
The continent with the biggest population is Asia, followed by Africa and Europe. Antarctica is the continent with the smallest population. The most populated country is China, followed by India. Iceland, Andorra, Monaco and Vatican City are among the least populated countries in the world. London is the most populated city in the European Union, with a population of about eight million.
An increasing population can cause many problems. One big problem of overpopulation is that we don't have enough natural resources. Scientists are looking for solutions.
What do you remember?
Population is the number of people who live in a particular area. Population can be classified by age or gender.
Population can increase or decrease depending on the number of births and deaths that happen in that place.
Today, the total population of Spain is about 47 million people. This is the total number of people registered in the census.
The population of an area can change depending on:
Evolution of the population in Spain.
Migration refers to people who move from one country to another. Migration influences the population of a place.
Some of the reasons people migrate to another place or country are:
Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is expected to live.
Life expectancy in Spain has increased. This is because of advances in medicine and improvements in living and working conditions.
In Spain, there are more elderly people than young people. This is because the birth rate is low and people are living for longer. This is called an ageing population.
Population density tells us the number of inhabitants per square kilometre.
If lots of people live in a small area, then the area is densely populated.
If the same number of people live in a large area, then the area is sparsely populated.
The population density of Spain is low: 93 inhabitants per square kilometre (93 inhabitants/km2).
Population density of Thailand, Yemen and Spain.
Some autonomous communities have a higher population density than average. For example, the Community of Madrid has a population density of 800 inhabitants/km2. The Canary Islands have a population density of 300 inhabitants/km2.
The map shows an uneven population distribution.
The biggest cities in Spain are Madrid and Barcelona. Madrid has a population of 3 million, and Barcelona has a population of 1.5 million.
The inland areas of Spain have the lowest population densities. Most of the provinces of Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha, Extremadura and Aragón are sparsely populated. They have a population density of less than 30 inhabitants/km2.
The most densely populated inland provinces are Zaragoza, Valladolid, Rioja, Navarre and Madrid.
Europe is a highly populated continent with more than 700 million inhabitants. Europe has an ageing population because of:
For these reasons, the population of Europe is only increasing slowly. In some countries, the number of births is lower than the number of deaths, so the population is declining.
Europe is made up of 49 independent countries. Thousands of immigrants come to Europe, mainly from Africa and Asia. Immigration has the following effects:
Countries in Europe with the biggest populations.
Most of the population of Europe is urban: seven out of ten Europeans live in cities. The average population density in Europe is about 70 inhabitants/km2.
The population of Europe is unevenly distributed. There are areas with very high population density and areas with very low population density.
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Which country is a ‘young country’? Explain.
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